After experiencing a “golden age” from the end of the 1980s, decentralised cooperation is now put into question. The reciprocity of the benefits of the city to city cooperation is a nagging question. Decentralised cooperation has, moreover, been included in the wider field of external action of local authorities. More widely, we are talking today about the internationalisation of cities and territories. This disaffection for decentralised cooperation proves that it is time to ask essential questions about both its history and its future.

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